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Lake Ladoga ( or ; (フィンランド語:Laatokka) (in Finnish ''Nevajärvi'' ); ; ) is a freshwater lake located in the Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia just outside the outskirts of Saint Petersburg. It is the largest lake in Europe, and the 15th largest freshwater lake by area in the world. ''Ladoga Lacus'', a methane lake on Saturn's moon Titan, is named after the lake. ==Etymology== In one of Nestor's chronicles from the 12th century he mentions a lake called "the Great Nevo" (a clear link to the Neva River; also compare (フィンランド語:neva) "bog, quagmire").〔''Evgeny Pospelov'' Geographical names of the world: Toponymic dictionary. - 2nd ed., A stereotype. - M .: Russian dictionaries Astrel, ACT, 2001, pp 106-107.〕 In ancient Norse sagas and Hanseatic treaties they mention a city made of lakes called Aldoga (compare (フィンランド語:aalto) - wave).〔''Kirilovsky S.V.'' Did you know? Gazetteer Leningrad region. L .: Lenizdat, 1974, pp 79-80.〕 Since the beginning of the 14th century the name of the lake was commonly called Ladoga, which was named after the city of Ladoga which in turn was named after the eponymous inflow in the lower reaches of the Volkhov River ((フィンランド語:Alodejoki) - river in the low areas).〔 Other theories about the origin of the name comes from - wave, here - wavy; from the Russian dialectal word ''алодь'', meaning ''open lake, extensive water field''.〔''Mammoth N.'' (Топонимика Приладожья )〕 According to Jackson, T.N., "So far it can be considered that almost for granted, that the name of Ladoga first referred to the river, then the city, and only then the lake." Therefore, it considers the primary hydronym Ladoga, from (フィンランド語: *Alode-jogi (joki)) "the lower river". From the river was the city , and already it was borrowed Slavic population and transformed using metathesis ''ald → lad'' from . The Old Norse intermediary word between Finnish and Old Russian word is fully confirmed by archeology: the Scandinavians first appeared in Ladoga in the early 750s, that is, a couple of decades before the Slavs.〔''Jackson, T. N.'' (Альдейгья. Археология и топонимика ) // Памятники средневековой культуры: Открытия и версии. , 1994. С. 77—79.〕 Eugene Helimski by contrast, offers an etymology rooted in German. In his opinion, the primary name of the lake - "old source", similar to the open sea (the Old Open-Sea-Like-Source). This hydronym is associated with the name of the Neva River (which flows from Lake Ladoga) which comes German - the "new". Through the intermediate form *Aldaugja word gave "Ladoga (city)".〔''Eugene Helimski'' (Ladoga and Perm revisited ) 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lake Ladoga」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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